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Connective Tissue Hip

R Iliolumbar Ligament

The iliolumbar ligament is a strong ligament passing from the tip of the transverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra to the posterior part of the inner lip of the iliac crest. The ililumbar ligament strengthens the lumbosacral joint assisted by the lateral lumbosacral ligament, and, like all other vertebral joints, by the posterior and anterior longitudinal ligaments, the ligamenta flava, and the interspinous and supraspinous ligaments.;

  

R Sacroiliac Ligament

The posterior sacroiliac ligament is situated in a deep depression between the sacrum and ilium behind; it is strong and forms the chief bond of union between the bones. It consists of numerous fasciculi, which pass between the bones in various directions. The upper part (short posterior sacroiliac ligament) is nearly horizontal in direction, and pass from the first and second transverse tubercles on the back of the sacrum to the tuberosity of the ilium. The lower part (long posterior sacroiliac ligament) is oblique in direction; it is attached by one extremity to the third transverse tubercle of the back of the sacrum, and by the other to the posterior superior spine of the ilium.

  

R Sacrotuberous Ligament Connective

The sacrotuberous ligament (great or posterior sacrosciatic ligament) is situated at the lower and back part of the pelvis. It is flat, and triangular in form; narrower in the middle than at the ends. The sacrotuberous ligament contains the coccygeal branch of the inferior gluteal artery.

  

R Sacrospinous Ligament

The sacrospinous ligament (small or anterior sacrosciatic ligament) is a thin, triangular ligament in the human pelvis. The base of the ligament is attached to the outer edge of the sacrum and coccyx, and the tip of the ligament attaches to the spine of the ischium, a bone in the human pelvis. Its fibres are intermingled with the sacrotuberous ligament. The presence of the ligament in the greater sciatic notch creates an opening the greater sciatic foramen, and also converts the lesser sciatic notch into the lesser sciatic foramen. The greater sciatic foramen lies above the ligament, and the lesser sciatic foramen lies below it. The pudendal vessels and nerve pass behind the sacrospinous ligament directly medially and inferiorly to the ischial spine. The inferior gluteal artery, from a branch of the internal iliac artery, pass behind the sciatic nerve and the sacrospinous ligament and is left uncovered in a small opening above the top of the sacrospinous ligament. The coccygeal branch of the inferior gluteal artery passes behind the mid-portion of the sacrospinous ligament and pierces the sacrotuberous ligament at multiple locations. The main body of the inferior gluteal artery leaves the pelvis posteriorly to the upper border of the sacrospinous ligament, to follow the inferior portion of the sciatic nerve out of the greater sciatic foramen. The main function of the ligament is to prevent rotation of the ilium past the sacrum. Laxity of this ligament and the sacrotuberous ligament allows this rotation to occur. Stresses to these ligaments occur most often when leaning forward or getting out of a chair.

  

R Anterior Sacrococcygeal Ligament

The anterior sacrococcygeal ligament or ventral sacrococcygeal ligament consists of a few irregular fibers, which descend from the anterior surface of the sacrum to the front of the coccyx, blending with the periosteum. This short ligament forms the continuation of the anterior longitudinal ligament and stretches over the sacrococcygeal symphysis.

  

R Lateral Sacrococcygeal Ligament

In the human body, the lateral sacrococcygeal ligaments is a pair of ligaments stretching from the lower lateral angles of the sacrum to the transverse processes of the first coccygeal vertebra. Together with the anterior, posterior, and intercornual sacrococcygeal ligaments, they stabilize the sacrococcygeal symphysis, i.e. the joint between the sacrum and the coccyx. They complete the foramina for the last sacral nerve. There are up to three lateral sacrococcygeal ligaments on either side of the sacral hiatus.

  

R Ischiofemoral Ligament

The ischiocapsular ligament (ischiofemoral ligament, ischiocapsular band; ligament of Bertin) consists of a triangular band of strong fibers on the posterior side of the hip joint. Its fibers span from the ischium at a point below and behind the acetabulum to blend with the circular fibers at the posterior end of the joint capsule and attach at the intertrochanteric line of the femur. Studies of human cadavers found that this ligament limits internal rotation of the hip, regardless of whether the hip is flexed, extended, or in neutral position.

  

R Acetabular Labrum

The acetabular is a ring of cartilage that surrounds the acetabulum of the hip. The anterior portion is most vulnerable when the labrum tears. It provides an articulating surface for the acetabulum, allowing the head of the femur to articulate with the pelvis.

  

R Transverse Acetabular Ligament

The Transverse Acetabular Ligament (transverse ligament) is a portion of the acetabular labrum, though differing from it in having no cartilage cells among its fibers. It consists of strong, flattened fibers, which cross the acetabular notch, and convert it into a foramen through which the nutrient vessels enter the joint. Prevents inferior displacement of head of femur.

  

R iliofemoral Ligament

The iliofemoral ligament is a ligament of the hip joint which extends from the ilium to the femur in front of the joint. It is also referred to as the Y-ligament (see below) or the ligament of Bigelow, and any combinations of these names. With a tensile strength exceeding 350 kg (772 lbs), the iliofemoral ligament is not only stronger than the two other ligaments of the hip joint, the ischiofemoral and the pubofemoral, but also the strongest ligament in the human body and as such is an important constraint to the hip joint. In a standing posture, when the pelvis is tilted posteriorly, the ligament is twisted and tense, which prevents the trunk from falling backwards and the posture is maintained without the need for muscular activity. In this position the ligament also keeps the femoral head pressed into the acetabulum. As the hip flexes, the tension in the ligament is reduced and the amount of possible rotations in the hip joint is increased, which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting angle. Lateral rotation and adduction in the hip joint is controlled by the strong transversal part, while the descending part limits medial rotation. Turnout used in the classical ballet style requires a great deal of flexibility in this ligament. As does the front split where the rear leg is hyper-extended at the hip. Many externally rotate the rear leg while doing a front split, this external rotation when the hip is not flexed stretches the ligament even more. This “martial arts split” is distinguished by the rear knee pointing outward sideways (usually the foot along with it) rather than pointing straight down with the patella facing the floor, in a pure extension front split.

  

R Zona Orbicularis

The zona orbicularis or annular ligament is a ligament on the neck of the femur formed by the circular fibers of the articular capsule of the hip joint. It is also known as the orbicular zone, ring ligament, and zonular band. The zona orbicularis and proximal hip joint capsule are poorly understood, but recent studies seem to confirm that the proximal to middle part of the articular capsule, including the zona orbicularis, acts biomechanically as a locking ring wrapped around the femoral neck and thus is a key structure for hip stability in distraction.;

  

R Pubofemoral Ligament

The pubofemoral ligament (pubocapsular ligament) is a ligament on the inferior side of the hip joint. This ligament is attached, above, to the obturator crest and the superior ramus of the pubis; below, it blends with the capsule and with the deep surface of the vertical band of the iliofemoral ligament. This ligament prevents hyper-abduction of the hip joint.

  

R Obturator Membrane

The obturator membrane is a thin fibrous sheet, which almost completely closes the obturator foramen. Its fibers are arranged in interlacing bundles mainly transverse in direction; the uppermost bundle is attached to the obturator tubercles and completes the obturator canal for the passage of the obturator vessels and nerve.

  

L Inguinal Ligament

The inguinal ligament (Poupart’s ligament or groin ligament) is a band running from the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine. It forms the base of the inguinal canal through which an indirect inguinal hernia may develop. The ligament serves to contain soft tissues as they course anteriorly from the trunk to the lower extremity. This structure demarcates the superior border of the femoral triangle. It demarcates the inferior border of the inguinal triangle. The midpoint of the inguinal ligament, halfway between the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle, is the landmark for the femoral nerve. The mid-inguinal point, halfway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis, is the landmark for the femoral artery.

  

L Sacroiliac Ligament

The sacroiliac ligament is situated in a deep depression between the sacrum and ilium behind; it is strong and forms the chief bond of union between the bones. It consists of numerous fasciculi, which pass between the bones in various directions. The upper part (short posterior sacroiliac ligament) is nearly horizontal in direction, and pass from the first and second transverse tubercles on the back of the sacrum to the tuberosity of the ilium. The lower part (long posterior sacroiliac ligament) is oblique in direction; it is attached by one extremity to the third transverse tubercle of the back of the sacrum, and by the other to the posterior superior spine of the ilium.

  

L Sacrotuberous Ligament Connective

The sacrotuberous ligament (great or posterior sacrosciatic ligament) is situated at the lower and back part of the pelvis. It is flat, and triangular in form; narrower in the middle than at the ends. The sacrotuberous ligament contains the coccygeal branch of the inferior gluteal artery.;

  

L Iliolumbar Ligament

The iliolumbar ligament is a strong ligament passing from the tip of the transverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra to the posterior part of the inner lip of the iliac crest (upper margin of ilium). The ililumbar ligament strengthens the lumbosacral joint assisted by the lateral lumbosacral ligament, and, like all other vertebral joints, by the posterior and anterior longitudinal ligaments, the ligamenta flava, and the interspinous and supraspinous ligaments.

  

L Sacrospinous Ligament

The sacrospinous ligament (small or anterior sacrosciatic ligament) is a thin, triangular ligament in the human pelvis. The base of the ligament is attached to the outer edge of the sacrum and coccyx, and the tip of the ligament attaches to the spine of the ischium, a bone in the human pelvis. Its fibres are intermingled with the sacrotuberous ligament.

  

L Lateral Sacrococcygeal Ligament

In the human body, the lateral sacrococcygeal ligaments is a pair of ligaments stretching from the lower lateral angles of the sacrum to the transverse processes of the first coccygeal vertebra.

  

L Ischiofemoral Ligament

The ischiocapsular ligament (ischiofemoral ligament, ischiocapsular band; ligament of Bertin) consists of a triangular band of strong fibers on the posterior side of the hip joint. Its fibers span from the ischium at a point below and behind the acetabulum to blend with the circular fibers at the posterior end of the joint capsule and attach at the intertrochanteric line of the femur. Studies of human cadavers found that this ligament limits internal rotation of the hip, regardless of whether the hip is flexed, extended, or in neutral position.

  

L Acetabular Labrum

The acetabular labrum (glenoidal labrum of the hip joint or cotyloid ligament in older texts) is a ring of cartilage that surrounds the acetabulum of the hip. The anterior portion is most vulnerable when the labrum tears. It provides an articulating surface for the acetabulum, allowing the head of the femur to articulate with the pelvis.

  

L Round Ligament

The round ligament of the uterus originates at the uterine horns, in the parametrium. The round ligament exits the pelvis via the deep inguinal ring, passes through the inguinal canal and continues on to the labia majora where its fibers spread and mix with the tissue of the mons pubis.

  

L Anterior Sacrococcygeal Ligament

Has a few fibers which comes from the anterior part of the sacrum all the way to the front of the coccyx, blending with the periosteum.

  

L Transverse Acetabular Ligament

The trasverse ligament of the hips connects with the acetabular notch and links the two ends of the acetabular labrum, in which case it will form a ring. Underneath it passes several nutrient vessels which enter the ligamentum teres which comes from the transverse ligament.

  

L Iliofemoral Ligament

This is a band of strong fibers, it connects to the lower frontal iliac spine of the coxal bone to the intertrochanteric line, extending between the greater and lesser trochanters of the femur. The iliofemoral ligament is the strongest ligament inside of the body. So, when your body is standing up straight this ligament helps prevent extension of the femur.

 

 L Zona Orbicularis

Fibers that forms a circular ring around the neck of the femur. The zona orbicularis and proximal hip joint capsule are poorly understood, but recent studies seem to confirm that the proximal to middle part of the articular capsule, including the zona orbicularis, acts biomechanically as a locking ring wrapped around the femoral neck and thus is a key structure for hip stability in distraction.

  

L Pubofemoral Ligament

This is a ligament on the inferior side of the hip joint. This ligament is attached, above, to the obturator crest and the superior ramus of the pubis; below, it blends with the capsule and with the deep surface of the vertical band of the iliofemoral ligament. This ligament prevents hyper-abduction of the hip joint.

  

L Obturator Membrane

This is a thin fibrous sheet, which almost completely closes the obturator foramen of the hip bone which leaves a little gap for the passage of obturator nerve and vessels. The fibers of the obturator membrane go in the transverse direction. The membrane attaches to a sharp margin of the obturator foramen. The Obturator membrane provides attachment for obturator internus and obturator externus.