LyMphatic Body (Female)

Paratracheal Lymph Node

Paratracheal lymph nodes are along the sides of the trachea in the neck. These are the lymph’s that usually get swollen when you get sick or get a sore throat. Lymph’s are very important for your immune system, it’s a filter for foreign particles. Lymph fluid is made of white blood cells and chyle. Lymph fluid brings nutrients and to tissue cells. As the fluid passes through the lymph nodes it filters carbon dioxide and other things like bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells.;

Lymphatic Duct

A lymph duct is a great lymphatic vessel that empties lymph into one of the subclavian veins. There are two lymph ducts in the body—the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct. The right lymphatic duct drains lymph from the right upper limb, right side of thorax and right halves of head and neck. The thoracic duct drains lymph into the circulatory system at the left brachiocephalic vein between the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins.;

R Juguloomohyoid Lymph Node

The juguloomohyoid lymph node (tongue node) is related to the intermediate tendon of the omohyoid muscle. It is designated as one of the deep cervical lymph nodes. As it is associated with the lymph drainage of the tongue if enlarged, it can be a sign of a tongue carcinoma.;

R Apical Axillary Lymph Node

An apical (or medial or subclavicular) group of six to twelve glands is situated partly posterior to the upper portion of the Pectoralis minor and partly above the upper border of this muscle. Its only direct territorial afferents are those that accompany the cephalic vein, and one that drains the upper peripheral part of the mamma. However, it receives the efferents of all the other axillary glands. The efferent vessels of the subclavicular group unite to form the subclavian trunk, which opens either directly into the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins or into the jugular lymphatic trunk; on the left side it may end in the thoracic duct.;

R Anterior Axillary Lymph Nodes

Located under the arm pit, these Nodes are responsible for draining the white clear fluid substance made from white blood cells in the lymph’s from the breasts and around the breasts, neck and upper arms;

R Parasternal Lymph Nodes

The parasternal lymph nodes (or sternal glands) are placed at the anterior ends of the intercostal spaces, by the side of the internal thoracic artery. They derive afferents from the mamma; from the deeper structures of the anterior abdominal wall above the level of the umbilicus; from the upper surface of the liver through a small group of glands which lie behind the xiphoid process; and from the deeper parts of the anterior portion of the thoracic wall. Their efferents usually unite to form a single trunk on either side; this may open directly into the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins, or that of the right side may join the right subclavian trunk, and that of the left the thoracic duct. The parasternal lymph nodes drain into the bronchomediastinal trunks, in a similar fashion to the upper intercostal lymph nodes.;

R Intercostal Lymph Nodes

The intercostal lymph nodes (intercostal glands) occupy the posterior parts of the intercostal spaces, in relation to the intercostal vessels. They receive the deep lymphatics from the postero-lateral aspect of the chest; some of these vessels are interrupted by small lateral intercostal glands. The efferents of the glands in the lower four or five spaces unite to form a trunk, which descends and opens either into the cisterna chyli or into the commencement of the thoracic duct. The efferents of the glands in the upper spaces of the left side end in the thoracic duct; those of the corresponding right spaces, in the right lymphatic duct.;

R Interpectoral Lymph Nodes

Rotter’s lymph nodes are small interpectoral lymph nodes located between the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles. They receive lymphatic fluid from the muscles and the mammary gland, and deliver lymphatic fluid to the axillary lymphatic plexus. These lymph nodes are susceptible to breast cancer, as the cancer sometimes spreads (metastases) to the interpectoral lymph nodes.;

Gastric Lymph Nodes

The gastric lymph nodes consist of two sets, superior and inferior. The Superior Gastric Glands (lymphoglandulæ gastricæ superiores) accompany the left gastric artery and are divisible into three groups, viz.: (1) upper, on the stem of the artery: (2) lower, accompanying the descending branches of the artery along the cardiac half of the lesser curvature of the stomach, between the two layers of the lesser omentum: (3) paracardial outlying members of the gastric glands, disposed in a manner comparable to a chain of beads around the neck of the stomach. They receive their afferents from the stomach; their efferents pass to the celiac group of preaortic lymph nodes. The Inferior Gastric Glands (lymphoglandulæ gastricæ inferiores; right gastroepiploic gland), four to seven in number, lie between the two layers of the greater omentum along the pyloric half of the greater curvature of the stomach.;

Cisterna Chyli

The cisterna chyli is a dilated sac at the lower end of the thoracic duct in most mammals into which lymph from the intestinal trunk and two lumbar lymphatic trunks flow. It receives fatty chyle from the intestines and thus acts as a conduit for the lipid products of digestion. It is the most common drainage trunk of most of the body’s lymphatics. The cisterna chyli is a retro-peritoneal structure. In humans, it is located posterior to the abdominal aorta on the anterior aspect of the bodies of the first and second lumbar vertebrae. There it forms the beginning of the primary lymph vessel, the thoracic duct, which transports lymph and chyle from the abdomen via the aortic opening of the diaphragm up to the junction of left subclavian vein and internal jugular veins. In dogs, it is located to the left and often ventral to the aorta; in cats it is left and dorsal; in guinea pigs it runs to the left and drains into the left innominate vein.;

Paracolic Lymph Node

These mesocolic lymph nodes are located in the immediate proximity of the colon.;

R Phrenic Lymph Nodes

The superior diaphragmatic lymph nodes lie on the thoracic aspect of the diaphragm, and consist of three sets – anterior, middle, and posterior. -The anterior set comprises (a) two or three small nodes behind the base of the xiphoid process, which receive afferents from the convex surface of the liver, and (b) one or two nodes on either side near the junction of the seventh rib with its cartilage, which receive lymphatic vessels from the front part of the diaphragm. The efferent vessels of the anterior set pass to the parasternal lymph nodes. -The middle set consists of two or three nodes on either side close to where the phrenic nerves enter the diaphragm. On the right side some of the lymph nodes of this group lie within the fibrous sac of the pericardium, on the front of the termination of the inferior vena cava. The afferents of this set are derived from the middle part of the diaphragm, those on the right side also receiving afferents from the convex surface of the liver. Their efferents pass to the posterior mediastinal lymph nodes. -The posterior set consists of a few nodes situated on the back of the crura of the diaphragm, and connected on one side with the lumbar lymph nodes and on the other with the posterior mediastinal nodes.;

R Iliac Lymph Nodes

Tracheobronchial Lymph Nodes

The internal iliac lymph nodes (or hypogastric) surround the internal iliac artery and its branches (the hypogastric vessels), and receive the lymphatics corresponding to the distribution of the branches of it, i. e., they receive lymphatics from all the pelvic viscera, from the deeper parts of the perineum, including the membranous and cavernous portions of the urethra, and from the buttock and back of the thigh. The internal iliac lymph nodes also drain the superior half of the rectum, above the pectinate line.;

Tracheobronchial Lymph Nodes

The tracheobronchial lymph nodes form four main groups: (1) tracheal, on either side of the trachea: (2) bronchial, in the angles between the lower part of the trachea and bronchi and in the angle between the two bronchi: (3) bronchopulmonary, in the hilum of each lung; and: (4) pulmonary, in the lung substance, on the larger branches of the bronchi. The afferents of the tracheobronchial glands drain the lungs and bronchi, the thoracic part of the trachea and the heart; some of the efferents of the posterior mediastinal glands also end in this group. Their efferent vessels ascend upon the trachea and unite with efferents of the internal mammary and anterior mediastinal glands to form the right and left bronchomediastinal trunks. Anterior superficial cervical Lymph Nodes: L Juguloomohyoid Lymph Node: The juguloomohyoid lymph node (tongue node) is related to the intermediate tendon of the omohyoid muscle. It is designated as one of the deep cervical lymph nodes. As it is associated with the lymph drainage of the tongue if enlarged, it can be a sign of a tongue carcinoma. L Apical Axillary Lymph Node: An apical (or medial or subclavicular) group of six to twelve glands is situated partly posterior to the upper portion of the Pectoralis minor and partly above the upper border of this muscle. Its only direct territorial afferents are those that accompany the cephalic vein, and one that drains the upper peripheral part of the mamma. However, it receives the efferents of all the other axillary glands. The efferent vessels of the subclavicular group unite to form the subclavian trunk, which opens either directly into the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins or into the jugular lymphatic trunk; on the left side it may end in the thoracic duct.;

L Interpectoral Lymph

Splenic Lymph Nodes

The splenic lymph nodes are lymph nodes that accompany the lienal (splenic) artery, and are situated in relation to the posterior surface and upper border of the pancreas; one or two members of this group are found in the gastrolienal ligament. Their afferents are derived from the stomach, spleen, and pancreas, their efferents join the celiac group of preaortic glands.;

Ciliary Body

The ciliary body is a part of the eye that includes the ciliary muscle, which controls the shape of the lens, and the ciliary epithelium, which produces the aqueous humor. The ciliary body is part of the uvea, the layer of tissue that delivers oxygen and nutrients to the eye tissues. The ciliary body joins the ora serrata of the choroid to the root of the iris.;

L intercostal Lymph Nodes

The intercostal lymph nodes occupy the posterior parts of the intercostal spaces, in relation to the intercostal vessels. They receive the deep lymphatics from the postero-lateral aspect of the chest; some of these vessels are interrupted by small lateral intercostal glands. The efferents of the glands in the lower four or five spaces unite to form a trunk, which descends and opens either into the cisterna chyli or into the commencement of the thoracic duct. The efferents of the glands in the upper spaces of the left side end in the thoracic duct; those of the corresponding right spaces, in the right lymphatic duct.;

L Phrenic Lymph Nodes

These three groups of small nodes, anterior, middle, and posterior, on the upper surface of the diaphragm; they receive afferents from the liver, diaphragm, and intercostal spaces and send efferents to parasternal and posterior mediastinal nodes.;

Bronchomediastinal Lymph Nodes

The efferent vessels of the tracheobronchial lymph nodes ascend upon the trachea and unite with efferents of the internal mammary and anterior mediastinal glands to form the right and left bronchomediastinal trunks. The right bronchomediastinal trunk may join the right lymphatic duct, and the left the thoracic duct, but more frequently they open independently of these ducts into the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins of their own side.;

Superior Pancreatic Lymph Nodes

These nodes draining the body and tail of the pancreas, they are subdivided into two groups: inferior pancreatic lymph nodes located along the inferior pancreatic artery, and superior pancreatic lymph nodes, located along the splenic artery near the origin of its pancreatic branches.;

Thoracic Duct

In human anatomy, the thoracic duct is the largest of the two lymph ducts of the lymphatic system. It is also known as the left lymphatic duct, alimentary duct, chyliferous duct, and Van Hoorne’s canal. The other duct is the right lymphatic duct. It carries chyle, a liquid containing both lymph and emulsified fats, rather than pure lymph. So, when it ruptures, the resulting flood of liquid into the pleural cavity is known as chylothorax. In adults, the thoracic duct is typically 38–45 cm in length and has an average diameter of about 5 mm. The vessel usually starts from the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebrae (T12) and extends to the root of the neck. It drains into the systemic (blood) circulation at the angle of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins as a single trunk, at the commencement of the brachiocephalic vein. It also collects most of the lymph in the body other than from the right thorax, arm, head, and neck which are drained by the right lymphatic duct.;

Pyloric Lymph Nodes

This group of lymph nodes surrounding the pylorus, draining lymph into the right gastric or the right gastro-omental lymph nodes; subdivided into three smaller groups: suprapyloric nodes, superior to the pylorus; subpyloric nodes, inferior to the pylorus; and retropyloric nodes, posterior to the pylorus.;

Superior Mesenteric Lymph Nodes

This is the numerous nodes located in the mesentery along the superior mesenteric artery, they receive lymph from the central mesenteric lymph nodes and drain into the intestinal lymph trunk.;

L Iliac Lymph Nodes

Iliac nodes, including both external iliac lymph nodes and internal iliac lymph nodes, service the iliac vessels of the pelvis. There are 8 to 10 external iliac nodes filtering the blood and lymph of the external iliac veins and arteries, fed by the afferent lymphatics of the pelvis like the upper vagina, cervix, urethra, bladder, and prostate in addition to those of the inguinal lymph nodes. The internal iliac lymph nodes drain the internal iliac artery and with it the vagina, rectum, buttocks, upper posterior thigh, perineum, and urethra.;

L Parasternal Lymph Nodes

L Anterior Axillary Pectoral Lymph Nodes

An anterior or pectoral group consists of four or five glands along the lower border of the Pectoralis minor, in relation with the lateral thoracic artery. Their afferents drain the skin and muscles of the anterior and lateral thoracic walls, and the central and lateral parts of the mamma; their efferents pass partly to the central and partly to the subclavicular groups of axillary glands.;