Neck Muscle (Right)

R Splenius Capitis

The splenius capitis muscle is a prime mover for head extension. The splenius capitis can also allow lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine.;

 

R rectus Capitis Lateralis

The Rectus capitis lateralis, a short, flat muscle, arises from the upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas, and is inserted into the under surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone.;

 

R Styloglossus

The Styloglossus, the shortest and smallest of the three styloid muscles, arises from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the styloid process near its apex, and from the stylomandibular ligament. Passing downward and forward between the internal and external carotid arteries, it divides upon the side of the tongue near its dorsal surface, blending with the fibers of the Longitudinalis inferior in front of the Hyoglossus; the other, oblique, overlaps the Hyoglossus and decussates with its fibers. The styloglossus draws up the sides of the tongue to create a trough for swallowing. As a pair they also aid in retracting the tongue.;

 

R Longus Capitis

This is broad and thick above, narrow below, and arises by four tendinous slips, from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebræ, and ascends, converging toward its fellow of the opposite side, to be inserted into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone.;

 

R Splenius Cervicis

This is a broad, straplike muscle in the back of the neck. It pulls on the base of the skull from the vertebrae in the neck and upper thorax. It is involved in movements such as shaking the head. The splenius capitis muscle is a prime mover for head extension. The splenius capitis can also allow lateral flexion and rotation of the cervical spine.;

 

R Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

This arises by a pointed tendon from the spinous process of the axis, and, becoming broader as it ascends, is inserted into the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface of the bone immediately below the line. As the muscles of the two sides pass upward and lateralward, they leave between them a triangular space, in which the rectus capitis posterior minor is seen. Its main actions are to extend and rotate the atlanto-occipital joint.;

 

R Longissimus Capitis

This is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the erector spinae that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae.;

 

R Rectus Capitis Anterior

This is a short, flat muscle, situated immediately behind the upper part of the Longus capitis. It arises from the anterior surface of the lateral mass of the atlas, and from the root of its transverse process, and passing obliquely upward and medialward, is inserted into the inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone immediately in front of the foramen magnum.;

 

R Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

This is 1 of 4 muscles that make the suboccipital set of back muscles. These small muscles are at the base of the occipital bone in the superior cervical region posteriorly. The suboccipital muscles are: rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, Obliquus capitis inferior and obliquus capitis superior.;

 

R Spinalis Cervics

The spinalis is a portion of the erector spinae, a bundle of muscles and tendons, located nearest to the spine. It is divided into three parts: Spinalis dorsi, spinalis cervicis, and spinalis capitis.;

 

R Semispinalis Capitis

This is situated at the upper and back part of the neck, deep to the splenius, and medial to the longissimus cervicis and longissimus capitis. It arises by a series of tendons from the tips of the transverse processes of the upper six or seven thoracic and the seventh cervical vertebrae, and from the articular processes of the three cervical vertebrae above this. The tendons, uniting, form a broad muscle, which passes upward, and is inserted between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone. It lies deep to the trapezius muscle and can be palpated as a firm round muscle mass just lateral to the cervical spinous processes.;

 

R Scalene Middle

These are a group of three pairs of muscles in the lateral neck, namely the anterior scalene, middle scalene, and posterior scalene. They are innervated by the fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical spinal nerves. A fourth muscle, the scalenus minimus (Sibson’s muscle), is sometimes present behind the lower portion of the anterior scalene. The Middle Scalene, The largest and longest of the three scalene muscles. The middle scalene arises from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower six cervical vertebrae. It descends along the side of the vertebral column to insert by a broad attachment into the upper surface of the first rib, between the tubercle and the subclavian groove. The brachial plexus and the subclavian artery pass anterior to it.;

 

R Levator Scapulae

This is a skeletal muscle situated at the back and side of the neck. As the Latin name suggests, its main function is to lift the scapula. The Levator Scapulae holds the scapula against the trunk. The biarticulate levator scapulae enters passive insufficiency through the completion of scapula depression and upward rotation when the neck is laterally flexed and rotated to the opposite side or through the completion of neck lateral flexion and rotation when the opposite scapula is depressed and rotated upward. The biarticulate levator scapulae enters active insufficiency through the completion of scapula elevation and downward rotation when the neck is laterally flexed and rotated to the same side or through the completion of neck lateral flexion and rotation when the scapula is elevated and rotated downward to the same side.     Source

 

R Longissimus Cervicis

This is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the erector spinae that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. situated medial to the longissimus thoracis, arises by long, thin tendons from the summits of the transverse processes of thoracic vertebræ 1-5, and is inserted by similar tendons into the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae 2-6.;

 

R Scalene Anterior

The scalene muscles are a group of three pairs of muscles in the lateral neck, namely the anterior scalene, middle scalene, and posterior scalene. The anterior scalene muscle lies deeply at the side of the neck, behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle. It arises from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae, and descending, almost vertically, is inserted by a narrow, flat tendon into the scalene tubercle on the inner border of the first rib, and into the ridge on the upper surface of the second rib in front of the subclavian groove. It is supplied by the anterior ramus of cervical nerve 5 and 6.;

 

R longus Colli

This is a muscle of the human body. The Longus colli is situated on the anterior surface of the vertebral column, between the atlas and the third thoracic vertebra. It is broad in the middle, narrow and pointed at either end, and consists of three portions, a superior oblique, an inferior oblique, and a vertical. The superior oblique portion arises from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third, fourth, and fifth cervical vertebræ and, ascending obliquely with a medial inclination, is inserted by a narrow tendon into the tubercle on the anterior arch of the atlas. The inferior oblique portion, the smallest part of the muscle, arises from the front of the bodies of the first two or three thoracic vertebræ; and, ascending obliquely in a lateral direction, is inserted into the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the fifth and sixth cervical vertebræ. The vertical portion arises, below, from the front of the bodies of the upper three thoracic and lower three cervical vertebræ, and is inserted into the front of the bodies of the second, third, and fourth cervical vertebræ.; 

 

R Subclavian

The subclavian arteries are paired major arteries of the upper thorax, below the clavicle. They receive blood from the aortic arch. The left subclavian artery supplies blood to the left arm and the right subclavian artery supplies blood to the right arm, with some branches supplying the head and thorax. On the left side of the body, the subclavian comes directly off the aortic arch, while on the right side it arises from the relatively short brachiocephalic artery when it bifurcates into the subclavian and the right common carotid artery. The first part of the right subclavian artery arises from the brachiocephalic trunk, behind the upper part of the right sternoclavicular articulation, and passes upward and lateralward to the medial margin of the Scalenus anterior. It ascends a little above the clavicle, the extent to which it does so varying in different cases.;

 

R Longus Capitis

The longus capitis muscle is located anterior and slightly lateral to the longus colli muscle. It originates as thin tendons from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C3 to C6. The tendinous origins unite to form a muscular band that courses superiorly to insert onto the occiput anterior to the foramen magnum. longus capitis muscle acts to flex the head. Recent research has shown that patients with neck pain, particularly from whiplash trauma, exhibit impaired function of the deep neck flexors (longus colli and longus capitus).;

 

R Obliquus Superior Capitis

This is a small muscle in the upper back part of the neck and is one of the suboccipital muscles and part of the suboccipital triangle. It arises from the lateral mass of the atlas bone. It passes superiorly and posteriorly to insert into the lateral half of the inferior nuchal line on the external surface of the occipital bone. The muscle is innervated by the suboccipital nerve, the dorsal ramus of the first spinal nerve. It acts at the atlanto-occipital joint to extend the head and flex the head to the ipsilateral side.      Source

 

R Hyoglossus

The structure indicated is the hyoglossus muscle of the tongue. The hyoglossus muscle is one of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue. The muscles involved with the tongue consist of intrinsic muscles which lie within the tongue itself, and the extrinsic muscles which attach to the tongue and are responsible for depression, elevation, protraction and retraction of the tongue.     Source

 

Mylohyoid

The mylohyoid elevates the hyoid and the tongue. This is particularly important during swallowing and speaking. Alternatively, if other muscles are used to keep the position of the hyoid fixed, then the mylohyoid depresses the mandible. It also functions as reinforcing the floor of mouth.;

 

R Geniohyoid

This is a slender muscle that arises from the inferior mental spine on the inner side of the symphysis of the lower jaw, is inserted on the hyoid bone, and acts to raise the hyoid bone and draw it forward and to retract and depress the lower jaw — called also geniohyoid. The geniohyoid muscle brings the hyoid bone forward and upwards. During the first act of deglutition, when the mass of food is being driven from the mouth into the pharynx, the hyoid bone, and with it the tongue, is carried upward and forward by the anterior bellies of the Digastrici, the Mylohyoidei, and Geniohyoidei. It also assists in depressing the mandible.      Source

 

Pharyngeal Raphe

The pharyngeal raphe is a raphe that serves as the origin and insertion for several of the pharyngeal constrictors. Two sides of the pharyngeal wall are joined together posteriorly in the midline by the raphe. Its superior part is attached to the pharyngeal tubercle; it extends inferiorly to the level of vertebra C6 where it blends with the posterior wall of the esophagus.;

 

Inferior Constrictor

The inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is one of the pharyngeal constrictor muscles. Its primary action is constriction of the pharynx (in coordination with the superior pharyngeal constrictor and the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles) to deliver a bolus of food into the oesophagus.     Source

 

R Sternohyoid

The sternohyoid muscle is a long, thin muscle located along the entire length of the front of the neck. This muscle is connected by tendons — strong, flexible tissue that usually connects muscle to bone — to the hyoid bone at its top end, and connected to the sternum at its lower end. The hyoid is a bone near the top of the throat. The sternum is the bone at the front of the rib cage. Due to its location, the sternohyoid is useful for several functions, including depression (lowering) of the hyoid bone, head and neck movement, and speech. The sternohyoid muscle’s main function is the depression of the hyoid bone.;

 

R Scalene Posterior

The scalene muscles are three paired muscles (anterior, middle and posterior), located in the lateral aspect of the neck. Collectively, they form part of the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck. The scalenes act as accessory muscles of respiration, and perform flexion at the neck.      Source

 

R Omohyoid

The omohyoid muscle is an infrahyoid muscle of the neck that is innervated by the ansa cervicalis of the cervical plexus receiving fibres from the ventral rami of C1–C3 spinal nerves. The omohyoid is a paired, flat strap of muscle that is made up of superior and inferior bellies joined by an intermediate tendon. The primary function of the omohyoid muscle is to depress and fix the hyoid bone and underlying larynx though it also draws the hyoid bone downwards in phonation and in the terminal phase of swallowing.     Source

 

R Sternothyroid

The sternothyroid muscle is an infrahyoid muscle of the neck that is innervated by the ansa cervicalis of the cervical plexus receiving fibres from the ventral rami of C1-C3 spinal nerves. The sternothyroid is a paired, flat strap of muscle that serves to fix the hyoid bone as well as depressing the larynx in phonation and in the terminal phase of swallowing.    Source

 

R Platysma

The platysma muscle is active only when opening and widening the mouth, as in singing, and laughing. It is not actively involved in swallowing or in other neck movements.     Source

 

R Sternocleidomastoid

This is a paired muscle in the superficial layers of the side of the neck. It is one of the largest and most superficial cervical muscles. The primary actions of the muscle are rotation of the head to the opposite side and flexion of the neck. The sternocleidomastoid is innervated by the accessory nerve.;