Skeleton Foot (Right)

R Calcaneus

Located within the foot, the calcaneus is also known as the heel bone. It is situated in the back of the foot, just below the talus, tibia, and fibula bones of the lower leg. Of all of the bones in the foot, the heel bone is the largest. The calcaneus has a unique design and structure. At the front, the heel bone features many curves to accommodate the talus and the many different tarsal bones, which lead to the metatarsals and phalanges that make up the front of the foot and toes. The back of the heel bone is not as complex, featuring a tuberosity and a medial process — landmark areas of the bone where muscles attach. The calcaneus provides insertion points for the abductor hallucis and the abductor digiti minimi muscles. At the back of the heel, the Achilles tendon inserts into the rough area located on the superior (upper) side. This fibrous connective tissue, as well as other ligaments and muscles, is necessary for standing, walking, and running. As such, a broken or fractured calcaneus will make these movements difficult. Source

R Cuboid

The cuboid bone is one of the seven tarsal bones located on the lateral (outer) side of the foot. This bone is cube-shaped and connects the foot and the ankle. It also provides stability to the foot. This multi-faceted bone is positioned between the fourth and fifth metatarsals, which lie behind the fourth and fifth (pinky) toes and the calcaneus (heel bone). The cuboid helps provide for the stability of the foot and the movement of the toes, in addition to ensuring proper weight distribution and flexibility along the plantar fascia that runs along the sole of the foot. Source

R Intermediate Cuneiform

In the foot, there are three cuneiform bones. They are the intermediate, lateral, and mediate cuneiforms. The intermediate cuneiform bone is located between its two counterparts and it articulates (forms a joint) with the second metatarsal, which is jointed to the bones of the second toe. The smallness of each bone, intermediate cuneiform included, allows for flexibility in the foot and the ankle, which joins with the tibia and fibula bones of the lower leg. This flexibility is a fundamental requirement to enable a person to use their foot for walking or any other types of bipedal (two-legged) movements. Source

R Metatarsal 5

R Metatarsal 4

The metatarsal bones, or metatarsus are a group of five long bones in the foot, located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes. Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the medial side (the side of the great toe): the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal (often depicted with Roman numerals). The fourth metatarsal bone is a long bone in the foot. It is smaller in size than the third metatarsal bone and is the third longest (and smallest) of the five metatarsal bones. As the four other metatarsals bones it can be divided into three parts; base, body and head. The base is the part closest to the ankle and the head is closest to the toes. The narrowed part in the middle is referred to as the body or shaft of the bone. The bone is somewhat flatten giving it two surfaces; the plantar (towards the sole of the foot) and the dorsal side (the area facing upwards while standing). These surfaces are rough for the attachment of ligaments. The bone is curved longitudinally, so as to be concave below, slightly convex above.

R Proximal Phalanx Foot 5

Proximal phalanges (foot) are the largest bones in the toe. They form the base of the toe and are a separate bone from the middle phalanges (the center bones in the toes) and the distal phalanges (the bones at the tip of the toes). They are connected to the metatarsals, or long bones in the feet, by cartilage. Humans have five of these bones on each foot, as well as 21 other bones, for a total of 26 bones in each foot. The proximal phalanges are numbered one through five according to their size, one being the largest toe and five being the smallest. In the large toe, the proximal phalange is connected directly to the distal phalange and there is no middle phalange. In all the smaller toes, it is connected to the middle phalange. The proximal phalanges (foot) allow the toes to bend, which in turn aids in balance and helps the foot to flex in order to walk, run and jump. Source

R Proximal Phalanx Foot 4

R Middle Phalanx Foot 3

The middle phalanges (foot) are some of the smaller long bones that form the toes of the feet. They are positioned between the distal phalanges (which are the tips of the toes) and the proximal phalanges (which are the ones that are nearest to the foot itself). Four out of the five toes of the foot have middle phalanges, with the exception being the big toe (first toe) on the foot. They are also called intermediate phalanges. Phalanges aren’t individually named, they merely take on the name of the part of the toe they are located in and the position they take up. So, the middle phalanges are exactly what they sound like: phalanx bones that are in the middle of the foot. The middle phalanges (foot) bones of the toes are held together by ligaments, which assist the muscles in moving the toes when a person walks. Source

R Middle Phalanx Foot 4

R Distal Phalanx Foot 4

The distal phalanges (foot) are located at the end of each toe. Three phalangeal bones make up each digit, articulating with each other at bending joints. The distal phalanges come at the end, right below the toenail. The distal phalanges articulate with the intermediate phalanges, which are joined to the proximal phalanges. Those bones, in turn, connect to the metatarsals of the foot. The distal phalanges provide a home for both the toenail and the fleshy pad on the underside of each toe. Since they come at the end of the toe, they are sometimes referred to as the terminal phalanges. Source

R Distal Phalanx Foot 5

R Middle Phalanx Foot 5

R Talus

The talus is an important bone of the ankle joint that is located between the calcaneus (heel bone) and the fibula and tibia in the lower leg. The shape of the bone is irregular, somewhat comparable to a turtle’s hump. The key function of this bone is to form a connection between the leg and the foot so that body weight may be transferred from the ankle to the leg, enabling a person to walk while maintaining balance. The bone also helps in the movements of the ankle, and together with the calcaneus it facilitates the movements of the foot. Any injury to this critical bone may hamper the movements of the ankle and foot. A major fracture in the bone can cause serious impediment to a person’s ability to walk or stand. Compared to most other bones, the talus is deficient in its supply of oxygenated blood. As a result, it takes a long time to repair following a serious injury. Source

R Navicular

The navicular is a boat-shaped bone located in the top inner side of the foot, just above the transverse. It helps connect the talus, or anklebone, to the cuneiform bones of the foot. The dorsalis pedis artery supplies blood to the navicular’s dorsal (upper) side, while the medial plantar artery supplies its plantar (closer to the sole of the foot) region. It is innervated by the medial plantar and deep fibular nerves. This bone is likely to be fractured by athletes while kicking, sprinting, twisting, or falling. A fracture will cause pain, limping, and a change in gait. Treatment options for injury to the navicular include utilizing a non-weight bearing cast to hold the bones stable so they can mend. If surgery is recommended, screws will be placed into the bone to help secure it. The patient will wear a cast after the surgery. In many cases, pain associated with injuries to the bone will diminish, and later return when that part of the foot is manipulated. As a result, a doctor will manually check the navicular following treatment to see if the patient feels pain when the top of the foot is manipulated. Source

R Medial Cuneiform

The medial cuneiform, also called the first or internal cuneiform, is located around the middle foot. It is on the inner side of the foot, behind the first metatarsal (which leads to the bones of the big toe) and the in front of the navicular bone. It is shaped similarly to a wedge. Together with the first and second metatarsals, the navicular, and the intermediate cuneiform, this bone is part of joints in the mid-foot. The medial cuneiform is the largest cuneiform in size, although all of these bones are still relatively small. The cuneiforms are situated between the metatarsal bones and the small navicular bone. The other two cuneiforms are known as the intermediate and lateral cuneiforms. The bone functions as the attachment for numerous ligaments (fibrous connective tissue), such as those of peroneus longus and the tibialis anterior muscles. The medial cuneiform participates in articulation (joint movement) along with the first and second metatarsals, the intermediate cuneiform, and the navicular. Source

R Lateral Cuneiform

The tarsal bones make up the ankle and the back part of the foot. The front row of the tarsal bones contains the lateral cuneiform, falling between the second cuneiform and cuboid, along with the navicular bone. The lateral cuneiform is located between two other cuneiform bones (all of which are wedge-shaped) and is of intermediate size. The lateral cuneiform is also called the third cuneiform and the external cuneiform. There are two lateral cuneiform bones, both of which are found in the ankle region of the human body. This bone works to support the body while also playing an important role in movement. This bone is found near the outside of the foot, more so than the other cuneiform bones. It is located at the base of the third metatarsal bone, which lies behind the bones of the middle toe. Traumatic fractures of this bone are rare, since the bone is relatively small. Some X-rays may have difficulty spotting fractures or breaks of the lateral cuneiform bone due to the small size and rarity of this injury. If this bone is misplaced or injured frequently, it can lead to post-traumatic arthritis. Source

R Metatarsal 1

R Metatarsal 2

The metatarsal bones, or metatarsus are a group of five long bones in the foot, located between the tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes. Lacking individual names, the metatarsal bones are numbered from the medial side (the side of the great toe): the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal (often depicted with Roman numerals). The second metatarsal bone is a long bone in the foot. It is the longest of the metatarsal bones, being prolonged backward and held firmly into the recess formed by the three cuneiform bones. The second metatarsal forms joints with the second proximal phalanx (a bone in the second toe) through the metatarsophalangeal joint, the cuneiform bones, third metatarsal and occasionally the first metatarsal bone.