Skeleton Hand (Right)

R Trapezium

There are eight carpal bones in the human wrist. They are arranged in two rows. They are located between the metacarpals and the ends of the radius and ulna bones. The trapezium rests in the row closest to the metacarpals. The scaphoid is located directly behind it, and the trapezoid is located to its side. The trapezium has three contact surfaces. These surfaces provide articulation points with other bones. The superior surface faces an upward and medial direction. It articulates with the scaphoid. The inferior surface is oval in shape. It articulates with the first metacarpal bone. The medial surface has a concave upper facet, which articulates with the trapezoid bone. The trapezium also provides an origination point for the oppenens pollicis and abductor pollicis, which help move the thumb. Most of the muscular tissues attach to the trapezium’s palmar surface. However, many ligaments also attach to its lateral surface, which is broad and rough. The dorsal surface of the trapezium is smooth. It does not serve as many functions as its counterparts.      Source

 

R Capitate

This is found in the center of the carpal bone region, colloquially known as the wrist, which is at the distal end of the radius and ulna bones. It articulates with the third metacarpal bone (the middle finger) and forms the third carpometacarpal joint. The capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones in the human hand. It presents, above, a rounded portion or head, which is received into the concavity formed by the scaphoid and lunate bones. The capitate is the largest carpal bone found within the hand. The capitate is found within the distal row of carpal bones. The capitate lies directly adjacent to the metacarpal of the ring finger on its distal surface, has the hamate on its ulnar surface and trapezoid on its radial surface, and abuts the lunate and scaphoid proximally. The carpal bones function as a unit to provide a bony superstructure for the hand. They allow movements of the wrist from side to side (medial to lateral) as well as up and down (anterior to posterior).

 

R Trapezoid

The structure of the trapezoid bone forms a firm, stationary joint with the second metacarpal base. The trapezoid is shaped like a wedge. The side of the bone that is closest to the back of the hand, referred to as dorsal, is broader than the palm-side of the bone, described as palmar. It is the least frequently injured carpal bone. The structure of the trapezoid places it in a sheltered position. The trapezoid is two times wider dorsally than it is palmarly. It has been shown that the trapezoid lacks internal anastamoses, but has several sources of blood supply. Axial force, while applied to the second metacarpal base, can cause the trapezoid bone structure to become injured or even to fracture. People with trapezoid fractures tend to describe pain at the base of the second metacarpal. This may lead to wrist swelling and decreased range of motion. Standard treatment is not yet available as trapezoid fractures are a rare occurrence. However, sometimes a doctor will recommend the removal of a small fragment of trapezoid. In other cases, fractures of the trapezoid can involve open reduction and internal fixation.       Source

 

R Metacarpal 2

The metacarpals are long bones within the hand that are connected to the carpals, or wrist bones, and to the phalanges, or finger bones. The metacarpals together are referred to as the ‘metacarpus.’ The tops of the metacarpals form the knuckles where they join to the wrist. On the palm side, they are covered with connective tissue. You can feel and see the metacarpals on the back of your hand, through your skin. The five metacarpals are called thumb metacarpal, index metacarpal, middle metacarpal, ring metacarpal, and small metacarpal.       Source

 

R Proximal Phalanx 1

The proximal phalanges (hand) are the bones that are found at the bottom of the finger. They are named proximal because they are the closest phalanges to the metacarpals. There are fourteen phalanges in each hand. Three are located in each long finger, and two are located in the thumb. The knobby ends of the phalanges help form knuckle joints. Injuries to the phalanges include closed bone fracture, open bone fracture, muscle strain, and luxation. In closed bone fracture, a bone is broken but does not break through the skin. In open bone fracture, a bone is broken and breaks through the skin. This is also known as “compound fracture.” In muscle strain, the muscle attached to the phalanx is injured, which causes pain. In luxation, the bones at a joint are separated. This is also known as “dislocation.” The easiest way to treat most injuries to the phalanges is to splint the finger for at least four weeks. More serious injuries to the proximal phalanges (hand) will require surgery. Individuals who have had surgery to the proximal phalanges (hand) should return to the surgeon for a follow-up visit at least two weeks after surgery. The surgeon will take x-rays to observe the bone and ensure proper healing is taking place.          Source

 

R Metacarpal 1

The metacarpals are long bones within the hand that are connected to the carpals, or wrist bones, and to the phalanges, or finger bones. The metacarpals together are referred to as the ‘metacarpus.’ The tops of the metacarpals form the knuckles where they join to the wrist. On the palm side, they are covered with connective tissue. You can feel and see the metacarpals on the back of your hand, through your skin. The five metacarpals are called thumb metacarpal, index metacarpal, middle metacarpal, ring metacarpal, and small metacarpal.       Source

 

R Distal Phalanx 1

The distal phalanges are one of three types of finger bones. The human hand and wrist are comprised of three different bone groups. The carpals are the base of the hand and wrist, and consist of eight small bones with differing names. Above them, the metacarpals form the base of the fingers, while the phalanges are the fingers themselves. The phalanges are comprised of the proximal, middle, and distal groups. The proximal bones are located just below the knuckle, while the middle bones are located above the knuckle. The distal phalanges are the fingertips. This is why the term terminal phalanges may be interchangeable with distal phalanges. These bones are unlike their counterparts in the finger. Their main purpose involves supporting the sensitive flesh of the fingertip, where a high number of nerve endings are situated. These nerve endings translate sensory feelings of touch into nerve impulses that are transmitted back to the brain. These bones also feature apical tufts, which are flat expansions of bone. The tufts support the fingernails on the dorsal side of the fingers, and the fleshy pad of skin on the palmar side of the fingers.      Source

 

R Proximal Phalanx 3

The proximal phalanges (hand) are the bones that are found at the bottom of the finger. They are named proximal because they are the closest phalanges to the metacarpals. There are fourteen phalanges in each hand. Three are located in each long finger, and two are located in the thumb. The knobby ends of the phalanges help form knuckle joints. Injuries to the phalanges include closed bone fracture, open bone fracture, muscle strain, and luxation. In closed bone fracture, a bone is broken but does not break through the skin. In open bone fracture, a bone is broken and breaks through the skin. This is also known as “compound fracture.” In muscle strain, the muscle attached to the phalanx is injured, which causes pain. In luxation, the bones at a joint are separated. This is also known as “dislocation.” The easiest way to treat most injuries to the phalanges is to splint the finger for at least four weeks. More serious injuries to the proximal phalanges (hand) will require surgery. Individuals who have had surgery to the proximal phalanges (hand) should return to the surgeon for a follow-up visit at least two weeks after surgery. The surgeon will take x-rays to observe the bone and ensure proper healing is taking place.       Source

 

R Proximal Phalanx 2

The proximal phalanges (hand) are the bones that are found at the bottom of the finger. They are named proximal because they are the closest phalanges to the metacarpals. There are fourteen phalanges in each hand. Three are located in each long finger, and two are located in the thumb. The knobby ends of the phalanges help form knuckle joints. Injuries to the phalanges include closed bone fracture, open bone fracture, muscle strain, and luxation. In closed bone fracture, a bone is broken but does not break through the skin. In open bone fracture, a bone is broken and breaks through the skin. This is also known as “compound fracture.” In muscle strain, the muscle attached to the phalanx is injured, which causes pain. In luxation, the bones at a joint are separated. This is also known as “dislocation.” The easiest way to treat most injuries to the phalanges is to splint the finger for at least four weeks. More serious injuries to the proximal phalanges (hand) will require surgery. Individuals who have had surgery to the proximal phalanges (hand) should return to the surgeon for a follow-up visit at least two weeks after surgery. The surgeon will take x-rays to observe the bone and ensure proper healing is taking place.       Source

 

R Middle Phalanx 3

The middle phalanges (hand), also known as the intermediate phalanges, are bones located in the fingers. Each intermediate phalanx connects to a proximal and distal phalanx. Each proximal phalanx is jointed to the metacarpal bone located in the palm, while each distal phalanx serves as the tip of a finger, as well as the home of the fingernail. This middle phalanx has two joints, and allows the finger to bend in two places. The intermediate phalanges are unique to fingers. The thumb does not possess such a bone, as it only consists of a proximal and distal phalanx.      Source

 

R Middle Phalanx 2

The middle phalanges (hand), also known as the intermediate phalanges, are bones located in the fingers. Each intermediate phalanx connects to a proximal and distal phalanx. Each proximal phalanx is jointed to the metacarpal bone located in the palm, while each distal phalanx serves as the tip of a finger, as well as the home of the fingernail. This middle phalanx has two joints, and allows the finger to bend in two places. The intermediate phalanges are unique to fingers. The thumb does not possess such a bone, as it only consists of a proximal and distal phalanx.       Source

R Distal Phalanx 2

The distal phalanges are one of three types of finger bones. The human hand and wrist are comprised of three different bone groups. The carpals are the base of the hand and wrist, and consist of eight small bones with differing names. Above them, the metacarpals form the base of the fingers, while the phalanges are the fingers themselves. The phalanges are comprised of the proximal, middle, and distal groups. The proximal bones are located just below the knuckle, while the middle bones are located above the knuckle. The distal phalanges are the fingertips. This is why the term terminal phalanges may be interchangeable with distal phalanges. These bones are unlike their counterparts in the finger. Their main purpose involves supporting the sensitive flesh of the fingertip, where a high number of nerve endings are situated. These nerve endings translate sensory feelings of touch into nerve impulses that are transmitted back to the brain. These bones also feature apical tufts, which are flat expansions of bone. The tufts support the fingernails on the dorsal side of the fingers, and the fleshy pad of skin on the palmar side of the fingers.       Source

 

R Distal Phalanx 3

The distal phalanges are one of three types of finger bones. The human hand and wrist are comprised of three different bone groups. The carpals are the base of the hand and wrist, and consist of eight small bones with differing names. Above them, the metacarpals form the base of the fingers, while the phalanges are the fingers themselves. The phalanges are comprised of the proximal, middle, and distal groups. The proximal bones are located just below the knuckle, while the middle bones are located above the knuckle. The distal phalanges are the fingertips. This is why the term terminal phalanges may be interchangeable with distal phalanges. These bones are unlike their counterparts in the finger. Their main purpose involves supporting the sensitive flesh of the fingertip, where a high number of nerve endings are situated. These nerve endings translate sensory feelings of touch into nerve impulses that are transmitted back to the brain. These bones also feature apical tufts, which are flat expansions of bone. The tufts support the fingernails on the dorsal side of the fingers, and the fleshy pad of skin on the palmar side of the fingers.       Source

 

R Scaphoid

The scaphoid bone is one of the carpal bones of the wrist. It is situated between the hand and forearm on the thumb side of the wrist (also called the lateral or radial side). It forms the radial border of the carpal tunnel. The scaphoid bone is the largest bone of the proximal row of wrist bones, its long axis being from above downward, lateralward, and forward. It is approximately the size and shape of a medium cashew. It receives its blood supply primarily from lateral and distal branches of the radial artery, via palmar and dorsal branches. These provide an “abundant” supply to middle and distal bone, but neglects the proximal portion, which relies on retrograde flow. The dorsal branch supplies the majority of the middle and distal portions, with the palmar branch supplying only the distal third of the bone. The scaphoid is also involved in movement of the wrist. The scaphoid is situated between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones. It is located on the radial side of the wrist, and articulates with the radius, lunate, trapezoid, trapezium and capitate.Over 80% of the bone is covered in articular cartilage.

 

R Lunate

The hand has eight carpals. These small bones comprise the wrist area between the bones of the forearm and the phalanges, or fingers, of the hand. The lunate is one of these eight carpal bones. These carpals are arranged in two rows, and the lunate is located in the row closest to the radius and ulna. The lunate touches four other carpal bones, which are the scaphoid, the capitate, the hamate and the triquetral bones. it is susceptible to Kienbock’s disease, a form of avascular necrosis. In this condition, if blood supply dwindles, the bone’s health diminishes due to tissue death. As a result, fracture is possible. If Kienbock’s disease is preset, surgical intervention becomes necessary.        Source

 

R Pisiform

The pisiform is a sesamoid bone. It is located in the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) wrist tendon. It protects this tendon by supporting and bearing its forces as it moves across the triquetrum during wrist movement. The triquetrum is a proximal carpal bone located between the pisiform and lunate bones. The pisiform is located opposite the wrist’s carpal base plate and communicates with the abductor digiti minimi of the hand. Specifically, it is located where the carpus joins the ulna, which is the inner forearm bone. Chronic or acute pain is common in the pisiform because it is where tendinopathy of the FCU occurs at insertion. Pain in the pisiform is usually examined by a sonographic evaluation. Fluid collection and the thickening of soft tissue are common in the pisiform bone. The pisiform is sphere-shaped, like a pea. In fact, its name means ‘pea-shaped.’ The pisiform has four types of surfaces: dorsal, palmar, lateral, and medial. The latter three surfaces are rough, allowing the pisiform to attach to the carpal ligament. However, the dorsal surface is smooth, allowing for the bone’s articulation with the triquetrum.       Source

 

R Hamate

The bones of the wrist are known as carpals. The hamate is a wedge-shaped carpal bone. It is located on the outside area of the wrist, which is the same side as the pinkie finger. The hamate articulates—meaning it meets or connects with—five other bones. Three of these bones are also carpals: the lunate, triquetral, and capitate. Two of the bones are metacarpals, which are the long bones of the palm. These include the fourth and fifth metacarpals, located below the ring and pinkie fingers respectively. The hamate has a hook-like process that projects from the palm-side of the wrist toward the outside of the body. The hook of the hamate forms part of Guyon’s canal, also known as the ulnar canal. Guyon’s canal is located along the lower edge of the palm. It is bounded by the pisiform, another carpal bone, and a number of muscles and ligaments. The ulnar artery and ulnar nerve pass into the hand through this canal. A condition called Guyon’s canal syndrome may occur if the ulnar nerve is compressed in this area. It may be caused by overuse of the wrist through repetitive movements, trauma to the wrist, or a fracture to the hamate, among other factors. Symptoms include numbness, weakness, and pain in the hand. In severe cases, surgery is required. However, this condition is much less common than carpal tunnel syndrome.       Source

 

R Triquetrum

The triquetrum refers to a part of the wrist known as the triquetral bone. Specifically, the bone is part of the carpus, a group of eight wrist bones. The triquetrum and other bones in the carpus are located between the two major bones in the forearm, the radius and ulna. The triquetral bone is situated between two carpal bones known as the lunate and pisiform. It is partly covered by the pisiform bone. The triquetrum is found right above the end of the ulna bone. Its functional ability is not dependent on the ulna bone. It acts in tandem with the pisiform carpal bone and the ulnar collateral ligament. The triquetrum is pyramidal in shape, with five different sections designated on three distinct sides of the bone. The triquetral bone is the third most common site of carpal bone fractures. Triquetrum fractures are especially common amongst those who play sports. Fractures generally occur when the wrist is overextended. A small portion of the bone may be chipped off, or the fracture can run through the middle of the bone.        Source

 

R Metacarpal 3

The metacarpals are long bones within the hand that are connected to the carpals, or wrist bones, and to the phalanges, or finger bones. The metacarpals together are referred to as the ‘metacarpus.’ The tops of the metacarpals form the knuckles where they join to the wrist. On the palm side, they are covered with connective tissue. You can feel and see the metacarpals on the back of your hand, through your skin. The five metacarpals are called thumb metacarpal, index metacarpal, middle metacarpal, ring metacarpal, and small metacarpal.      Source

 

R Metacarpal 5

The metacarpals are long bones within the hand that are connected to the carpals, or wrist bones, and to the phalanges, or finger bones. The metacarpals together are referred to as the ‘metacarpus.’ The tops of the metacarpals form the knuckles where they join to the wrist. On the palm side, they are covered with connective tissue. You can feel and see the metacarpals on the back of your hand, through your skin. The five metacarpals are called thumb metacarpal, index metacarpal, middle metacarpal, ring metacarpal, and small metacarpal.       Source

 

R Metacarpal 4

The metacarpals are long bones within the hand that are connected to the carpals, or wrist bones, and to the phalanges, or finger bones. The metacarpals together are referred to as the ‘metacarpus.’ The tops of the metacarpals form the knuckles where they join to the wrist. On the palm side, they are covered with connective tissue. You can feel and see the metacarpals on the back of your hand, through your skin. The five metacarpals are called thumb metacarpal, index metacarpal, middle metacarpal, ring metacarpal, and small metacarpal.       Source

 

R Proximal Phalanx 5

The proximal phalanges (hand) are the bones that are found at the bottom of the finger. They are named proximal because they are the closest phalanges to the metacarpals. There are fourteen phalanges in each hand. Three are located in each long finger, and two are located in the thumb. The knobby ends of the phalanges help form knuckle joints. Injuries to the phalanges include closed bone fracture, open bone fracture, muscle strain, and luxation. In closed bone fracture, a bone is broken but does not break through the skin. In open bone fracture, a bone is broken and breaks through the skin. This is also known as “compound fracture.” In muscle strain, the muscle attached to the phalanx is injured, which causes pain. In luxation, the bones at a joint are separated. This is also known as “dislocation.” The easiest way to treat most injuries to the phalanges is to splint the finger for at least four weeks. More serious injuries to the proximal phalanges (hand) will require surgery. Individuals who have had surgery to the proximal phalanges (hand) should return to the surgeon for a follow-up visit at least two weeks after surgery. The surgeon will take x-rays to observe the bone and ensure proper healing is taking place.       Source

 

R Proximal Phalanx 4

The proximal phalanges (hand) are the bones that are found at the bottom of the finger. They are named proximal because they are the closest phalanges to the metacarpals. There are fourteen phalanges in each hand. Three are located in each long finger, and two are located in the thumb. The knobby ends of the phalanges help form knuckle joints. Injuries to the phalanges include closed bone fracture, open bone fracture, muscle strain, and luxation. In closed bone fracture, a bone is broken but does not break through the skin. In open bone fracture, a bone is broken and breaks through the skin. This is also known as “compound fracture.” In muscle strain, the muscle attached to the phalanx is injured, which causes pain. In luxation, the bones at a joint are separated. This is also known as “dislocation.” The easiest way to treat most injuries to the phalanges is to splint the finger for at least four weeks. More serious injuries to the proximal phalanges (hand) will require surgery. Individuals who have had surgery to the proximal phalanges (hand) should return to the surgeon for a follow-up visit at least two weeks after surgery. The surgeon will take x-rays to observe the bone and ensure proper healing is taking place.       Source

 

R Middle Phalanx 5

The middle phalanges (hand), also known as the intermediate phalanges, are bones located in the fingers. Each intermediate phalanx connects to a proximal and distal phalanx. Each proximal phalanx is jointed to the metacarpal bone located in the palm, while each distal phalanx serves as the tip of a finger, as well as the home of the fingernail. This middle phalanx has two joints, and allows the finger to bend in two places. The intermediate phalanges are unique to fingers. The thumb does not possess such a bone, as it only consists of a proximal and distal phalanx.       Source

 

R Distal Phalanx 5

The distal phalanges are one of three types of finger bones. The human hand and wrist are comprised of three different bone groups. The carpals are the base of the hand and wrist, and consist of eight small bones with differing names. Above them, the metacarpals form the base of the fingers, while the phalanges are the fingers themselves. The phalanges are comprised of the proximal, middle, and distal groups. The proximal bones are located just below the knuckle, while the middle bones are located above the knuckle. The distal phalanges are the fingertips. This is why the term terminal phalanges may be interchangeable with distal phalanges. These bones are unlike their counterparts in the finger. Their main purpose involves supporting the sensitive flesh of the fingertip, where a high number of nerve endings are situated. These nerve endings translate sensory feelings of touch into nerve impulses that are transmitted back to the brain. These bones also feature apical tufts, which are flat expansions of bone. The tufts support the fingernails on the dorsal side of the fingers, and the fleshy pad of skin on the palmar side of the fingers.        Source

 

R Middle Phalanx 4

The middle phalanges (hand), also known as the intermediate phalanges, are bones located in the fingers. Each intermediate phalanx connects to a proximal and distal phalanx. Each proximal phalanx is jointed to the metacarpal bone located in the palm, while each distal phalanx serves as the tip of a finger, as well as the home of the fingernail. This middle phalanx has two joints, and allows the finger to bend in two places. The intermediate phalanges are unique to fingers. The thumb does not possess such a bone, as it only consists of a proximal and distal phalanx.       Source

 

R Distal Phalanx 4

The distal phalanges are one of three types of finger bones. The human hand and wrist are comprised of three different bone groups. The carpals are the base of the hand and wrist, and consist of eight small bones with differing names. Above them, the metacarpals form the base of the fingers, while the phalanges are the fingers themselves. The phalanges are comprised of the proximal, middle, and distal groups. The proximal bones are located just below the knuckle, while the middle bones are located above the knuckle. The distal phalanges are the fingertips. This is why the term terminal phalanges may be interchangeable with distal phalanges. These bones are unlike their counterparts in the finger. Their main purpose involves supporting the sensitive flesh of the fingertip, where a high number of nerve endings are situated. These nerve endings translate sensory feelings of touch into nerve impulses that are transmitted back to the brain. These bones also feature apical tufts, which are flat expansions of bone. The tufts support the fingernails on the dorsal side of the fingers, and the fleshy pad of skin on the palmar side of the fingers.        Source