Skeleton Ribs

R Rib 1

This is the most curved and usually the shortest of all the ribs, it is broad and flat, its surfaces looking upward and downward, and its borders inward and outward. The head is small and rounded, and possesses only a single articular facet, for articulation with the body of the first thoracic vertebra. The neck is narrow and rounded. The tubercle, thick and prominent, is placed on the outer border. There is no angle, but at the tubercle the rib is slightly bent, with the convexity upward, so that the head of the bone is directed downward. The importance of the first rib arises from the fact that it is in close relationship to the cervico-thoracic spine, which is quite frequently involved in spondylotic changes, and the fact that it is positioned across the cervico-brachial and other important structures lodged at the junction of the neck with the relatively narrow thoracic inlet. The first seven pairs of rib bones (beginning at the top of the sternum) are called “true ribs.”  They connect to the spine (by ligaments) at the back, and connect to the sternum by costal cartilage in the front.  Costal cartilage is elastic and allows the ribcage to expand during respiration.      Sou

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R Costal Cartilage 1

The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension. The first seven pairs are connected with the sternum, the next three are each articulated with the lower border of the cartilage of the preceding rib, and the last two have pointed extremities, which end in the wall of the abdomen. Like the ribs, the costal cartilages vary in their length, breadth, and direction. They increase in length from the first to the seventh, then gradually decrease to the twelfth.

 

R Rib 2

The second rib is the second uppermost rib, The second rib is the second uppermost rib in humans or second most frontal in animals that walk on four limbs. In humans the second rib is defined as a true rib since it connects with the sternum through the intervention of the costal cartilage anteriorly (at the front). Posteriorly, the second rib is connected with the vertebral column by the second thoracic vertebra. The second rib is much longer than the first rib, but has a very similar curvature. The body is not flattened horizontally like that of the first rib. Its external surface is convex and looks upward and a little outward. It contains the intercostal veins and arteries and intercostal nerves. The first seven pairs of rib bones (beginning at the top of the sternum) are called “true ribs.”  They connect to the spine (by ligaments) at the back, and connect to the sternum by costal cartilage in the front.  Costal cartilage is elastic and allows the ribcage to expand during respiration.       Source

 

R Costal Cartilage 2

The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension. The first seven pairs are connected with the sternum, the next three are each articulated with the lower border of the cartilage of the preceding rib, and the last two have pointed extremities, which end in the wall of the abdomen. Like the ribs, the costal cartilages vary in their length, breadth, and direction. They increase in length from the first to the seventh, then gradually decrease to the twelfth.

 

R Rib 3

The first seven pairs of rib bones (beginning at the top of the sternum) are called “true ribs.”  They connect to the spine (by ligaments) at the back, and connect to the sternum by costal cartilage in the front.  Costal cartilage is elastic and allows the ribcage to expand during respiration.       Source

 

R Costal Cartilage 3

The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension. The first seven pairs are connected with the sternum, the next three are each articulated with the lower border of the cartilage of the preceding rib, and the last two have pointed extremities, which end in the wall of the abdomen. Like the ribs, the costal cartilages vary in their length, breadth, and direction. They increase in length from the first to the seventh, then gradually decrease to the twelfth.

 

R Rib 4

The first seven pairs of rib bones (beginning at the top of the sternum) are called “true ribs.”  They connect to the spine (by ligaments) at the back, and connect to the sternum by costal cartilage in the front.  Costal cartilage is elastic and allows the ribcage to expand during respiration.        Source

 

R Costal Cartilage 4

The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension. The first seven pairs are connected with the sternum, the next three are each articulated with the lower border of the cartilage of the preceding rib, and the last two have pointed extremities, which end in the wall of the abdomen. Like the ribs, the costal cartilages vary in their length, breadth, and direction. They increase in length from the first to the seventh, then gradually decrease to the twelfth.

 

R Rib 5

The first seven pairs of rib bones (beginning at the top of the sternum) are called “true ribs.”  They connect to the spine (by ligaments) at the back, and connect to the sternum by costal cartilage in the front.  Costal cartilage is elastic and allows the ribcage to expand during respiration.         Source

 

R Costal Cartilage 5

The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension. The first seven pairs are connected with the sternum, the next three are each articulated with the lower border of the cartilage of the preceding rib, and the last two have pointed extremities, which end in the wall of the abdomen. Like the ribs, the costal cartilages vary in their length, breadth, and direction. They increase in length from the first to the seventh, then gradually decrease to the twelfth.

 

R Rib 6

The first seven pairs of rib bones (beginning at the top of the sternum) are called “true ribs.”  They connect to the spine (by ligaments) at the back, and connect to the sternum by costal cartilage in the front.  Costal cartilage is elastic and allows the ribcage to expand during respiration.       Source

 

R Rib 7

The first seven pairs of rib bones (beginning at the top of the sternum) are called “true ribs.”  They connect to the spine (by ligaments) at the back, and connect to the sternum by costal cartilage in the front.  Costal cartilage is elastic and allows the ribcage to expand during respiration.       Source

 

R Rib 8

Ribs 8–12 are called false ribs (vertebrochondral ribs). The costal cartilages from these ribs do not attach directly to the sternum. For ribs 8–10, the costal cartilages are attached to the cartilage of the next higher rib. Thus, the cartilage of rib 10 attaches to the cartilage of rib 9, rib 9 then attaches to rib 8, and rib 8 is attached to rib 7.       Source

 

R Rib 9

The ninth rib has a frontal part at the same level as the first lumbar vertebra. This level is called planum transpyloricum, since the pylorus is also at this level.

 

R Rib 10

The tenth rib attaches directly to the body of vertebra T10 instead of between vertebrae like the second through ninth ribs. Due to this direct attachment, vertebra T10 has a complete costal facet on its body.

 

R Rib 11

The eleventh rib and the twelfth rib, the floating ribs, have a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. They have no necks or tubercles, and are pointed at their anterior ends. The eleventh has a slight angle and a shallow costal groove, whereas the twelfth does not. The twelfth rib is much shorter than the eleventh rib, and its head is inclined slightly downward.

 

R Rib 12

The eleventh rib and the twelfth rib, the floating ribs, have a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. They have no necks or tubercles, and are pointed at their anterior ends. The eleventh has a slight angle and a shallow costal groove, whereas the twelfth does not. The twelfth rib is much shorter than the eleventh rib, and its head is inclined slightly downward.

 

R Costal Cartilage 6

The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension. The first seven pairs are connected with the sternum, the next three are each articulated with the lower border of the cartilage of the preceding rib, and the last two have pointed extremities, which end in the wall of the abdomen. Like the ribs, the costal cartilages vary in their length, breadth, and direction. They increase in length from the first to the seventh, then gradually decrease to the twelfth.

 

R Sternum

This is a long, flat, bony plate that forms the most anterior section of the ribcage. The sternum is highly vascular in nature and covered with a thin layer of compact bone providing a degree of flexibility. the sternum helps to protect the heart and lungs from damage, as well as facilitates the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity during respiration.

The sternum is the elongated bony structure that anchors the anterior thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. The manubrium is the wider, superior portion of the sternum. The top of the manubrium has a shallow, U-shaped border called the jugular (suprasternal) notch. This can be easily felt at the anterior base of the neck, between the medial ends of the clavicles. The manubrium is the most superior region of the sternum and articulates with the clavicles or collarbones and the first pair of ribs. The manubrium is the thickest portion of the sternum as it carries the greatest physical load. Located below the manubrium, the gladiolus is the longest portion of the sternum and articulates with the ribs, either directly or indirectly, through the costal cartilage. The thin, pointed xiphoid process forms the most inferior region of the sternum to which the costal cartilage and cartilage of the celiac, or solar, plexus attaches.        Source 

 

L Rib 1

This is the most curved and usually the shortest of all the ribs, it is broad and flat, its surfaces looking upward and downward, and its borders inward and outward. The head is small and rounded, and possesses only a single articular facet, for articulation with the body of the first thoracic vertebra. The neck is narrow and rounded. The tubercle, thick and prominent, is placed on the outer border. There is no angle, but at the tubercle the rib is slightly bent, with the convexity upward, so that the head of the bone is directed downward. The importance of the first rib arises from the fact that it is in close relationship to the cervico-thoracic spine, which is quite frequently involved in spondylotic changes, and the fact that it is positioned across the cervico-brachial and other important structures lodged at the junction of the neck with the relatively narrow thoracic inlet. The first seven pairs of rib bones (beginning at the top of the sternum) are called “true ribs.”  They connect to the spine (by ligaments) at the back, and connect to the sternum by costal cartilage in the front.  Costal cartilage is elastic and allows the ribcage to expand during respiration.      Source 

 

L Costal Cartilage 1

The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension. The first seven pairs are connected with the sternum, the next three are each articulated with the lower border of the cartilage of the preceding rib, and the last two have pointed extremities, which end in the wall of the abdomen. Like the ribs, the costal cartilages vary in their length, breadth, and direction. They increase in length from the first to the seventh, then gradually decrease to the twelfth.

 

L Rib 2

The second rib is the second uppermost rib, The second rib is the second uppermost rib in humans or second most frontal in animals that walk on four limbs. In humans the second rib is defined as a true rib since it connects with the sternum through the intervention of the costal cartilage anteriorly (at the front). Posteriorly, the second rib is connected with the vertebral column by the second thoracic vertebra. The second rib is much longer than the first rib, but has a very similar curvature. The body is not flattened horizontally like that of the first rib. Its external surface is convex and looks upward and a little outward. It contains the intercostal veins and arteries and intercostal nerves. The first seven pairs of rib bones (beginning at the top of the sternum) are called “true ribs.”  They connect to the spine (by ligaments) at the back, and connect to the sternum by costal cartilage in the front.  Costal cartilage is elastic and allows the ribcage to expand during respiration.       Source

 

L Costal Cartilage 2

The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension. The first seven pairs are connected with the sternum, the next three are each articulated with the lower border of the cartilage of the preceding rib, and the last two have pointed extremities, which end in the wall of the abdomen. Like the ribs, the costal cartilages vary in their length, breadth, and direction. They increase in length from the first to the seventh, then gradually decrease to the twelfth.

 

L Rib 3

The first seven pairs of rib bones (beginning at the top of the sternum) are called “true ribs.”  They connect to the spine (by ligaments) at the back, and connect to the sternum by costal cartilage in the front.  Costal cartilage is elastic and allows the ribcage to expand during respiration.       Source

 

L Costal Cartilage 3

The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension. The first seven pairs are connected with the sternum, the next three are each articulated with the lower border of the cartilage of the preceding rib, and the last two have pointed extremities, which end in the wall of the abdomen. Like the ribs, the costal cartilages vary in their length, breadth, and direction. They increase in length from the first to the seventh, then gradually decrease to the twelfth.

 

L Rib 4

The first seven pairs of rib bones (beginning at the top of the sternum) are called “true ribs.”  They connect to the spine (by ligaments) at the back, and connect to the sternum by costal cartilage in the front.  Costal cartilage is elastic and allows the ribcage to expand during respiration.         Source

 

L Costal Cartilage 4

The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension. The first seven pairs are connected with the sternum, the next three are each articulated with the lower border of the cartilage of the preceding rib, and the last two have pointed extremities, which end in the wall of the abdomen. Like the ribs, the costal cartilages vary in their length, breadth, and direction. They increase in length from the first to the seventh, then gradually decrease to the twelfth.

 

L Rib 5

The first seven pairs of rib bones (beginning at the top of the sternum) are called “true ribs.”  They connect to the spine (by ligaments) at the back, and connect to the sternum by costal cartilage in the front.  Costal cartilage is elastic and allows the ribcage to expand during respiration.        Source

 

L Costal Cartilage 5

The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension. The first seven pairs are connected with the sternum, the next three are each articulated with the lower border of the cartilage of the preceding rib, and the last two have pointed extremities, which end in the wall of the abdomen. Like the ribs, the costal cartilages vary in their length, breadth, and direction. They increase in length from the first to the seventh, then gradually decrease to the twelfth.

 

L Rib 6

The first seven pairs of rib bones (beginning at the top of the sternum) are called “true ribs.”  They connect to the spine (by ligaments) at the back, and connect to the sternum by costal cartilage in the front.  Costal cartilage is elastic and allows the ribcage to expand during respiration.        Source

 

L Rib 7

The first seven pairs of rib bones (beginning at the top of the sternum) are called “true ribs.”  They connect to the spine (by ligaments) at the back, and connect to the sternum by costal cartilage in the front.  Costal cartilage is elastic and allows the ribcage to expand during respiration.       Source

 

L Rib 8

Ribs 8–12 are called false ribs (vertebrochondral ribs). The costal cartilages from these ribs do not attach directly to the sternum. For ribs 8–10, the costal cartilages are attached to the cartilage of the next higher rib. Thus, the cartilage of rib 10 attaches to the cartilage of rib 9, rib 9 then attaches to rib 8, and rib 8 is attached to rib 7.        Source

 

L Rib 9

The ninth rib has a frontal part at the same level as the first lumbar vertebra. This level is called planum transpyloricum, since the pylorus is also at this level. Ribs 8–12 are called false ribs (vertebrochondral ribs). The costal cartilages from these ribs do not attach directly to the sternum. For ribs 8–10, the costal cartilages are attached to the cartilage of the next higher rib. Thus, the cartilage of rib 10 attaches to the cartilage of rib 9, rib 9 then attaches to rib 8, and rib 8 is attached to rib 7.        Source

 

L Rib 10

The tenth rib attaches directly to the body of vertebra T10 instead of between vertebrae like the second through ninth ribs. Due to this direct attachment, vertebra T10 has a complete costal facet on its body. Ribs 8–12 are called false ribs (vertebrochondral ribs). The costal cartilages from these ribs do not attach directly to the sternum. For ribs 8–10, the costal cartilages are attached to the cartilage of the next higher rib. Thus, the cartilage of rib 10 attaches to the cartilage of rib 9, rib 9 then attaches to rib 8, and rib 8 is attached to rib 7.        Source

 

L Rib 11

The eleventh rib and the twelfth rib, the floating ribs, have a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. They have no necks or tubercles, and are pointed at their anterior ends. The eleventh has a slight angle and a shallow costal groove, whereas the twelfth does not. The twelfth rib is much shorter than the eleventh rib, and its head is inclined slightly downward. Ribs 8–12 are called false ribs (vertebrochondral ribs). The costal cartilages from these ribs do not attach directly to the sternum. For ribs 8–10, the costal cartilages are attached to the cartilage of the next higher rib. Thus, the cartilage of rib 10 attaches to the cartilage of rib 9, rib 9 then attaches to rib 8, and rib 8 is attached to rib 7.        Source

 

L Rib 12

The eleventh rib and the twelfth rib, the floating ribs, have a single articular facet on the head, which is of rather large size. They have no necks or tubercles, and are pointed at their anterior ends. The eleventh has a slight angle and a shallow costal groove, whereas the twelfth does not. The twelfth rib is much shorter than the eleventh rib, and its head is inclined slightly downward. Ribs 8–12 are called false ribs (vertebrochondral ribs). The costal cartilages from these ribs do not attach directly to the sternum. For ribs 8–10, the costal cartilages are attached to the cartilage of the next higher rib. Thus, the cartilage of rib 10 attaches to the cartilage of rib 9, rib 9 then attaches to rib 8, and rib 8 is attached to rib 7.         Source

 

L Costal Cartilage 6

The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax. Costal cartilage is only found at the anterior ends of the ribs, providing medial extension. The first seven pairs are connected with the sternum, the next three are each articulated with the lower border of the cartilage of the preceding rib, and the last two have pointed extremities, which end in the wall of the abdomen. Like the ribs, the costal cartilages vary in their length, breadth, and direction. They increase in length from the first to the seventh, then gradually decrease to the twelfth.